Health and Society

ADVANCES IN ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY

Maria Antonia Rocha Fiorott — 2024-11-11

Orthopaedic surgery has undergone significant evolution with the development of minimally invasive techniques (MIT) for the treatment of complex lower limb fractures. These innovations have transformed orthopaedic management, offering less traumatic and more effective alternatives to traditional procedures. IMTs are designed to reduce tissue damage, speed up recovery and minimize post-operative complications, making them increasingly relevant in today’s orthopaedic scenario. The aim of this study is to discuss recent advances in minimally invasive techniques in orthopaedic surgery for complex lower limb fractures. The research explores the benefits of these techniques, the challenges faced in clinical practice and the future prospects for their widespread adoption. The research was based on a literature review, with a qualitative approach, using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scielo databases. For a comprehensive and relevant analysis of the advances and challenges of minimally invasive techniques in orthopaedic surgery, specific descriptors reflecting the area of study were applied, with a time frame covering publications from 2018 to 2023. The analysis is based on a review of up-to-date literature, including clinical studies and meta-analyses that demonstrate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive techniques. Innovations such as the use of external fixators, locked intramedullary rods and surgical navigation systems are highlighted. These approaches allow for precise stabilization of fractures with smaller incisions and less impairment of soft tissue vascularization. In addition, advances in intraoperative imaging and surgical instrumentation are discussed, which have improved the precision of procedures and reduced operative time. Challenges such as the learning curve and the cost of the technologies are also addressed. Thus, advances in minimally invasive techniques have revolutionized orthopaedic surgery, offering effective solutions for the treatment of complex lower limb fractures. Despite the challenges, such as the need for specialized training and investment in new technologies, the benefits for patients, including shorter recovery times and better functional results, are undeniable. The future of orthopaedic surgery will continue to benefit from these innovations, with the potential to further increase access and the quality of treatments.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF CHRONIC DISEASES IN VULNERABLE POPULATIONS

Maria Antônia Rocha Fiorott — 2024-11-11

Chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are prevalent in vulnerable populations, who often face difficulties in accessing adequate medical care. Primary care, especially family medicine, plays a central role in the prevention and control of these diseases, as it offers continuous, comprehensive and personalized care, focused on health promotion and the prevention of complications. This model of care is especially effective in communities that face economic, social and cultural barriers, allowing for early intervention and appropriate management of chronic conditions. The aim of this study is to analyze strategies for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in vulnerable populations, with a focus on family medicine. The aim is to identify effective approaches that can be used to improve the quality of life of these populations and reduce the incidence and progression of chronic diseases. The research was carried out through a qualitative literature review, focusing on articles published between 2017 and 2022. The aim was to explore the advances and challenges in the management of chronic diseases, with an emphasis on primary health practices, the impact of social determinants of health, and the role of technologies such as telemedicine in the management of these conditions. By providing continuous and comprehensive care, family medicine uses various strategies to prevent and control chronic diseases. These include regular patient follow-up, early screening for conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, and health education, which guides individuals on healthy behaviors and self-care. In addition, disease monitoring programs and interventions such as modifying eating habits and promoting physical activity have shown positive results in the management of chronic diseases. However, there are still significant challenges, such as the scarcity of resources and the lack of qualified professionals, which limit the effectiveness of these approaches in certain regions and social groups. Overcoming these barriers requires a joint effort between health professionals, managers and public policies. It is concluded that family medicine is a fundamental approach to the control and prevention of chronic diseases, especially in vulnerable populations. The strategies adopted in this model of care, such as continuous monitoring, health education and early intervention, have shown significant results in improving quality of life and reducing complications associated with chronic diseases. However, in order to optimize the results, it is necessary to overcome challenges related to access and the training of professionals, as well as ensuring adequate support for the implementation of public health programs that favour the population in situations of vulnerability. Implementing efficient public policies and expanding access to primary health care are essential to achieving effective control of chronic diseases.

HUMANIZED PRENATAL CARE

Maria Antonia Rocha Fiorott — 2024-11-11

Humanized prenatal care is a concept that aims to ensure that pregnant women receive respectful and personalized care, promoting an emotionally supportive and welcoming environment during pregnancy. This approach aims not only to ensure the physical health of the mother and fetus, but also to improve the psychological and emotional well-being of women during pregnancy, which can have a positive impact on maternal and fetal outcomes. Studies have shown that a humanized approach is a determining factor in reducing complications during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as strengthening the bond between mother and baby. This summary seeks to analyze the influence of humanized care during prenatal care on maternal and fetal outcomes, discussing the importance of welcoming and personalized practices for increasing the quality of care. It also examines how humanized care can have a positive impact on both the physical and emotional health of pregnant women, promoting more favorable outcomes for mother and baby. This study used a qualitative methodology based on a literature review, focusing on humanization practices in prenatal care, exploring their impact on maternal and fetal health and public policy guidelines in Brazil. Humanized prenatal care involves practices such as respect for the autonomy of the pregnant woman, active listening, inclusion of the family in the process and psychological support, as well as comprehensive care for the woman’s physical health. Research shows that pregnant women who receive this type of care have lower rates of anxiety and depression, factors that are associated with obstetric complications and negative outcomes. In addition, humanized care contributes to pregnant women’s adherence to prenatal appointments and tests, reducing the risks of premature births, low birth weight and neonatal mortality. Care that respects a woman’s individuality also facilitates the control of conditions such as hypertension and gestational diabetes, promoting a safer pregnancy. Humanized prenatal care therefore plays a crucial role in maternal and fetal outcomes, promoting a healthier pregnancy and reducing the risks associated with labour and birth. In addition to improving the physical health of the mother and fetus, humanized care strengthens the emotional health of the pregnant woman and facilitates the mother-baby bond, factors that are essential for the healthy development of the newborn. The implementation of humanized practices in health services is therefore a fundamental strategy for improving the quality of prenatal care and promoting better outcomes for mothers and babies.

EMOTIONAL MANAGEMENT OF TEAMS IN A HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT

Marco José Barbas Pinto — 2024-11-21

The paper addresses the importance of emotional management and teamwork in the organizational context of a hospital, highlighting that the effectiveness of a team depends on alignment with the organization’s objectives, collaboration between different hierarchical levels, and employee motivation. Leadership plays a crucial role, and the leader must be democratic and involved, promoting an environment of support and effective communication. In addition, the text emphasizes that interaction between team members generates synergies that enhance creativity, flexibility, and productivity. Maslow’s theory of human needs is mentioned, suggesting that satisfying basic needs is fundamental to employee motivation and self-realization. Finally, creating a team spirit and being results-oriented are essential for organizational success.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES OF DEPENDENCE OF NARCISSISM ON PERSONALITY TYPE

Vusal Alguliyev — 2024-11-28

The article examines the psychological issues of dependence on the personality type of narcissism. It was found that among the respondents with a negative self-concept, lack of empathy and envy of others’ achievements are more common. Here the sensitive side of narcissism is more evident. The influence of the dark side personality type and narcissistic personality traits on self-attitude factors is negative, except for a great sense of self-worth and belief in one’s own uniqueness. Research has shown that a great sense of self-worth and belief in one’s uniqueness are protective. It is a barrier not only to external threats, but also to innate ego threats. Research has shown that the relationship between self-attitude and narcissistic traits reflects the deep conflicts of the narcissistic personality between grandiosity and vulnerability, as well as the desire to protect opinions.

CORRELATION BETWEEN FERRITIN, IL-6 AND IL-1Β

Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho — 2024-11-28

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β exerting direct influence on atherosclerosis progression, endothelial dysfunction, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This article reviews the correlations between ferritin, an inflammatory and metabolic biomarker, and the cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β, emphasizing their relevance in chronic inflammatory states and their association with cardiovascular dysfunction. Ferritin, often elevated in response to IL-6 and IL-1β activity, reflects both an attempt by the organism to mitigate oxidative damage and a marker of inflammatory aggravation. Recent studies, including clinical trials with anti-inflammatory agents such as canakinumab, colchicine, and tocilizumab, suggest that targeted inhibition of these inflammatory pathways can significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes. Finally, this review highlights the need for personalized therapeutic strategies, considering patients’ inflammatory profiles and biomarkers, to optimize clinical interventions and improve prognosis in CVDs.

EMOTIONAL DEPENDENCE AND NARCISSISM

Diana Araújo da Silva — 2024-12-01

This article explores the relationship between emotional dependence, narcissism, social behaviors, and gender inequality. By reviewing the scientific literature, we examine how these factors interrelate and impact social dynamics and individual experiences. Emotional dependence and narcissism are addressed as psychological factors that influence social behaviors and perpetuate gender inequality.

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY IN CHILDHOOD

Janilson Barros de Sá — 2024-12-03

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) represent a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases that compromise the function of the immune system, especially in childhood, when they are most frequently diagnosed. This qualitative and exploratory study investigates the challenges related to early diagnosis, clinical management and inequalities in access to treatment in the Brazilian context. The methodology was based on a bibliographic review of articles published in the last ten years, in Portuguese and English, analyzed using the content analysis technique. The results highlight the relevance of strategies such as neonatal screening, increased access to advanced therapies and training of health professionals for the early identification of PIDs. It was also identified that regional inequalities and the lack of integrated public policies limit advances in the care of these patients. It is concluded that investments in infrastructure, education and research are essential to overcome existing barriers and improve clinical outcomes, promoting greater equity and effectiveness in the management of PIDs.

MOLAR-INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION (MIH)

Anne Caroline Ribeiro Lacerda — 2024-12-15

Introduction: Irregular tooth enamel on one or more molars or even permanent incisors is Incisor Molar Hypomineralization (IMH), a condition that directly affects the experience of the affected person. Objective: This systematic review aims to list the specificities of MIH based on the aim of determining its causes and origins so that it can be understood and treated. Methodology: The databases used were: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Totaling 1,680 articles. Of which 1,592 articles were excluded where they did not meet the inclusion criteria, resulting in 88 articles, after a complete reading, 45 articles were selected to compose the study. Results: Treatment modalities for teeth affected by MIH varied widely, depending on the severity, and the presence of complicating factors, such as hypersensitivity, oral hygiene and patient cooperation. Conclusion: MIH has an unresolved etiology with multifactorial characteristics, such as genetic factors, pathologies during pregnancy and even pollution. Incisor molar hypomineralization has a late diagnosis associated with the unskilled knowledge of professionals regarding its manifestations.

RESPONSIBLE GAME AND THE RELEASE OF BETS

Márcia M. Sant’Anna Bungart — 2024-12-15

With the regulation of online sports bets in Brazil, as established by Law No. 14,790 and its guidelines through Ordinance SPA/MF No. 1,231, there was a large increase in the number of players and frequent adherence to betting platforms. This growth of people adept at betting games brings to light significant concerns related to mental health, because the game disorder, also known as ludopathy, is characterized by excessive and harmful use of this practice. Mental health studies indicate that exacerbated involvement in gambling can lead to the development of serious psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and stress, especially in cases of frequent financial losses and repeated attempts to recover the damage. This project aims to analyze the contributions of psychology, with emphasis on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), in the confrontation and combating symptoms associated with game addiction and online bets. Betting houses, popularly called Bets, have their operation legalized by Law No. 14,790/2023 and, from January 2025, will be authorized to work in Brazil within legal parameters, which will make access wider, requiring measures Preventive and treatment strategies focused on the welfare of players. Research will examine how CBT can contribute to the reduction of negative impacts caused by compulsive use of BETs, identifying risk factors and social and psychological influences that lead to the development of this addiction. CBT -specific techniques will be explored to resignify dysfunctional thoughts, promoting greater emotional and behavioral control of players and contributing to relapse prevention.

IMPACT OF THE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION DISORDERS IN YOUNG ADULTS

Pedro Moura Carias — 2024-12-15

Social networks have transformed the way young adults relate, consume information and construct their identities. Although these platforms provide opportunities for connection and learning, their excessive use has been associated with the development of anxiety and depression disorders. Prolonged exposure to unrealistic standards of life and beauty, social interaction mediated by screens and technological dependence are factors that can compromise the mental health of this population. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of social media use on the development of anxiety and depression disorders in young adults, identifying risk factors and opportunities for preventive interventions. This study used a qualitative approach through a literature review, with the aim of analyzing the impact of social media use on mental health. The focus was on psychological effects, patterns of behavior and implications for quality of life, with an emphasis on young people and adolescents. Recent studies indicate that excessive use of social networks is related to feelings of inadequacy, social isolation and low self-esteem, factors that increase vulnerability to mental health disorders. Social comparison, fueled by algorithms that prioritize highly visually appealing content, and cyberbullying emerge as recurring triggers for anxiety and depression. In addition, the sleep disruption caused by using these platforms at night aggravates psychological symptoms. Strategies such as promoting the conscious use of social networks and developing emotional skills can reduce these negative impacts. Therefore, excessive and unregulated use of social media can significantly contribute to the increase in cases of anxiety and depression in young adults. It is essential to promote digital education, limit usage time and create awareness campaigns to mitigate the adverse effects of social media, protecting the mental health of this age group.