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Introdução: O microquimerismo feto-maternal é caracterizado pela troca bidirecional de células entre a mãe e o feto durante a gestação. O microquimerismo fetal refere-se à população de células de origem fetal que residem no organismo materno, onde já foram observadas atuando de diversas formas, como por exemplo, no reparo tecidual cutâneo. Objetivo: Revisar a disponibilidade de evidências científicas na literatura sobre a atuação de células de origem fetal no processo de cicatrização cutânea materna, e seus benefícios e malefícios para a restituição e manutenção da homeostase da pele. Material e métodos: A partir do acrônimo PICO, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura utilizando o método PRISMA para busca de literatura pelos descritores e mesh terms relacionados à microquimerismo e cicatrização cutânea. Resultados: Foram encontrados 57 registros de artigos julgados como relevantes para este trabalho nas duas plataformas utilizadas, sendo 41 deles encontrados no PubMed e 16 no Google Scholar. Após pré-seleção pela leitura dos títulos e resumos, 50 artigos foram excluídos pela aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, e 16 artigos tratavam individualmente de microquimerismo ou cicatrização cutânea. Por fim, 7 artigos foram selecionados para a leitura na íntegra, sendo que 2 deles foram descartados por não apresentarem informações suficientes para revisão. Os artigos revisados (n=5) apresentaram dados sobre atividades proliferativas e de diferenciação fenotípica das células microquiméricas em resposta à lesão materna, e apenas 1 artigo ofereceu bases para aplicações em medicina regenerativa. Conclusão: Apesar da participação ativa das células microquiméricas feto-maternas na cicatrização cutânea materna, e do potencial terapêutico, ainda são necessários mais estudos experimentais para compreender sua atuação para futuras aplicações em terapia regenerativa.
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