RETINA DETACHMENT REGMATOGENIC: AN ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL ASPECTS, RISK FACTORS, PROPAEDEUTIC AND THERAPEUTIC

Abstract

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a severe ophthalmological condition characterized by the separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), often leading to irreversible vision loss if not properly treated. The understanding and treatment of this condition have evolved significantly since its early descriptions, with important historical milestones such as the pioneering work of Jules Gonin and the introduction of the indirect binocular ophthalmoscope by Charles Schepens. Historically, RRD was recognized as a serious problem that has evolved with advancements in technology and surgical techniques. Today, the treatment of RRD includes methods such as scleral buckling, pneumatic retinopexy, and vitrectomy, each with its specific indications and techniques. The pathophysiology of RRD involves retinal rupture, the entry of subretinal fluid, and retinal separation, which can be triggered by factors such as ocular trauma, retinal degenerations, high myopia, and post-surgical conditions. The diagnostic approach to RRD includes fundoscopic examination and advanced imaging techniques such as ocular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT), which are crucial for precise diagnosis and assessment of detachment extent. Treatment techniques range from less invasive procedures like laser retinopexy to more complex surgical approaches such as vitrectomy, depending on the severity and characteristics of the detachment. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical aspects, risk factors, diagnostics, and therapeutic options for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, highlighting the evolution of techniques and the importance of a personalized approach in managing this complex ophthalmological condition.