Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), belonging to the Herpesviridae family, occurs in all regions of the world and is linked to socioeconomic conditions. In addition, it is seen as the most common agent of congenital infection in man and is responsible for a substantial proportion of sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in children. The objective of this research is to analyze other studies that determine the number of HCMV cases in pregnant and post-natal women, its predominance and its relationship with sensorineural hearing loss present in children. For this expanded summary, an electronic search was performed on the SciELO, PubMed and Capes Periodicals data platforms, in the period between 1996 and 2020. The study demonstrates that HCMV is the most frequent non-genetic cause of SSNHL in infants and, despite its importance of this infection, there are few published studies. Furthermore, childhood hearing loss presents many challenges, as this deficiency leads to a delay in language and social interactions. In summary, an immediate diagnosis is essential, as this will allow its timely treatment, in order to reduce the consequences of hypoacusis.
References
CHIOPRIS, Giulia et al. (2020), “Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: update on diagnosis and treatment”, Microorganisms, 8(10), 1516. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 23.07.21, em https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33019752/.
DAVIS, Nicole et al. (2017), “Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy”, Birth Defects Research, 109 [5ª ed.], 336-346. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 17.07.21, em https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bdra.23601.
DE VRIES, Jutte et al. (2012), “Real-time PCR versus viral culture on urine as a gold standard in the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection”, Journal of Clinical Virology, 53 [2ª ed.], 167-170. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 22.07.21, em https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1386653211004689.
DOBBIE, Allison (2017), “Evaluation and management of cytomegalovirus-associated congenital hearing loss”, Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, 25(5), 25, 390-395. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 17.07.21, em https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wk/moo/2017/00000025/00000005/art00011.
FOULON, Ina et al. (2019), “Hearing loss with congenital cytomegalovirus infection”, Pediatrics, 144 [2ª ed.], 2018-3095. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 18.07.21, em https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3095.
FOWLER, Karen et al. (1999), “Newborn hearing screening: will children with hearing loss caused by congenital cytomegalovirus infection be missed?”, The Journal of Pediatrics, 135 [1ª ed.], 60-64. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 22.07.21, em https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022347699703288.
FOWLER, Karen; BOPPANA, Suresh (2018), “Congenital cytomegalovirus infection”, Seminars in perinatology, 42 [3ªed.], 149–154. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 18.07.21, em https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0146000518300089.
GODERIS, J et al. (2014), “Hearing loss and congenital CMV infection: a systematic review”, Pediatrics, 134 [5ª ed.], 972–982. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 17.07.21, em https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1173.
GUPTA, Santosh et al. (2009), “Pictorial review of MRI/CT Scan in congenital temporal bone anomalies, in patients for cochlear implant”, Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging, 19 (2), 99-106. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 26.07.21, em https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19881062/.
JUCKSTOCK, Julia et al. (2015), “Passive immunization against congenital cytomegalovirus infection: current state of knowledge”, Pharmacology, 95, 209-217. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 23.07.21, em https://doi.org/10.1159/000381626.
JUNQUEIRA, Jader Joel Machado et al. (2008), “Citomegalovírus: revisão dos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, diagnósticos e de tratamento” Newslab, [86ª ed.], 88-104. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 17.07.21, em http://www.luzimarteixeira.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/citomegalovirus-revisao.pdf.
KARLTORP, Eva et al. (2012), “Congenital cytomegalovirus infection–a common cause of hearing loss of unknown aetiology”, Acta pædiatrica, 101 [8ª ed.], 357-362. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 19.07.21, em https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02711.x.
KENNESON, Aileen; CANNON, Michael (2007), “Review and meta‐analysis of the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection”, Reviews in Medical Virology, 17 [4ª ed.], 253–276. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 23.07.21, em https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.535.
KIM, Ji Hyung et al. (2020), “Audiologic Status of Children with Confirmed Cytomegalovirus Infection: a Case Series”, Journal of Korean Medical Science, 35(30), 244. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 19.07.21, em https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e244.
MANICKLAL, Sheetal et al. (2013), “The “silent” global burden of congenital cytomegalovirus”, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 26(1), 86-102. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 19.07.21, em https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/CMR.00062-12.
MORTON, Cynthia; NANCE, Walter (2006), “Newborn hearing screening - a silent revolution”, New England Journal Medicinal, 354, 2151-2164. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 18.07.21, em https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16707752/.
NAING, Zin et al. (2016), “Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: a review of prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis and prevention”, Anzjog, 56 [1ª ed.], 9–18. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 20.07.21, em https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.12408.
PANNUTI, Cláudio Sérgio (1996), Tratado de infectologia. São Paulo: Atheneu, 187-194.
PANNUTI, Cláudio Sérgio (2009), Tratado de infectologia. São Paulo: Atheneu, 363-371.
PASS, Robert et al. (2009), “Vaccine prevention of maternal cytomegalovirus infection”, New England Journal of Medicine, 360(12), 1191-119. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 26.07.21, em https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19297572/.
PERES, Marco Menezes et al. (2016), “Infecção congénita por citomegalovírus: Importante causa de surdez neurossensorial adquirida”, Revista Portuguesa de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, 54(3), 175-179. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 24.07.21, em https://doi.org/10.34631/sporl.373.
RIGA, Maria et al. (2018), “Congenital cytomegalovirus infection inducing non-congenital sensorineural hearing loss during childhood; a systematic review”, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 115, 156-64. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 20.07.21, em https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30368378/.
SCHLEISS, Mark (2008), “Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: update on management strategies”, Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 10(3), 186-192. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 04.08.21, em https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18579022/.
SERRA, Fabiana et al. (2009), “Soroprevalência de citomegalovírus em gestantes brasileiras de classe socioeconômica favorecida” DST J Bras Doenças Sex Transm, 21(1), 12-15. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 20.07.21, em http://ole.uff.br/wp-content/uploads/sites/303/2018/02/r21-1-2009-3-Soroprevalencia-de-CMV.pdf.
TESSIER, Natascha (2012), "Infecção Congênita por Citomegalovírus (CMV) Responsável por Perda Auditiva Sensorioneural. O que é Necessário Saber do Ponto de Vista do Obstetra, do Neonatologista e do Otorrino”, IX Manual de Otorrinolaringologia Pediátrica da IAPO, parte 32. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 03.08.21, em http://www.portalotorrinolaringologia.com.br/resources/citomegalovirus%20cong%C3%AAnito.pdf.
THIGPEN, Jim (2020), “Congenital Cytomegalovirus-History, Current Practice, and Future Opportunities”, Neonatal. Network, 39 [5ª ed.], 293–298. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 23.07.21, em https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32879045/.
YOSHINAGA-ITANO, Christine (2003),” Early intervention after universal neonatal hearing screening: Impact on outcomes”, Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 9 [4ª ed.], 252-266. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 22.07.21, em https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.10088.
XIA, Wenwen et al. (2021), “Congenital human cytomegalovirus infection inducing sensorineural hearing loss”, Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 649-690. Versão eletrônica, consultada a 04.08.21, em https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33936007/.