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Abstract
Introduction: Acute poisoning occurs when a toxic substance is ingested, inhaled or absorbed in sufficient quantities to cause acute symptoms, and symptoms can vary widely depending on the substance involved. The initial assessment of a patient with suspected acute poisoning requires a set of clinical skills and detailed knowledge, as the nature of the substance and the quantity involved are often not immediately evident. Objective: Investigate and deepen knowledge about strategies, protocols, techniques and best practices for the initial approach in cases of acute poisoning, focusing on clinical assessment, diagnosis, emergency treatment and prevention. Methodology: An integrative review was carried out, through a survey of data in the databases: LILACS and BDENF. Results and Discussions: The results indicate that, in addition to history, detailed physical assessment and application of appropriate clinical tools play a vital role in identifying signs and symptoms associated with acute poisoning. Specific clinical protocols that emphasize the monitoring of vital signs, neurological assessment and laboratory tests, when indicated, contribute to a more accurate diagnosis and a targeted therapeutic approach. The investigation also highlighted the importance of quick and effective emergency treatment. The administration of specific antidotes and supportive therapies, as measures to prevent the continued absorption of the toxic substance, proved to be essential for the patient's recovery. Administration of detoxifying therapies, such as administration of activated charcoal, in appropriate cases, can significantly reduce the absorption of toxic substances. Conclusion: Ultimately, the research reinforces the importance of collaboration between healthcare professionals, toxicologists, emergency medicine specialists and public health to effectively address the challenge of acute poisonings. Initial management of these situations requires a rapid, coordinated, evidence-based response to ensure patient safety and well-being.
References
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