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Abstract
Cardiac surgery is an area of medicine that has benefited significantly from technological advances, with the increasingly frequent use of robotics for complex procedures. The use of robotics in cardiac surgery allows for greater precision, less invasiveness and faster recovery, which has a direct impact on patients’ quality of life. This study aims to analyze the current evidence on the use of robotics in cardiac surgery, highlighting its benefits, challenges and future prospects, evaluating its impact on clinical practice and its contribution to improving outcomes in cardiac surgery and exploring the current evidence on the use of robotics in cardiac surgery. This is an exploratory literature review using qualitative assumptions, using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO databases, with a time frame between 2002 and 2022. In addition, the health descriptors “robotic surgery” and “robotics in cardiac surgery” were used. Robotics in cardiac surgery allows for highly complex procedures with greater precision, thanks to the ability of robots to perform delicate movements in small spaces. This makes it possible to perform minimally invasive surgeries, with smaller incisions and less trauma for the patient. In addition, the three-dimensional vision provided by robotics improves the visualization of tissues and anatomical structures, reducing the risk of complications. However, the use of robotics in cardiac surgery also presents challenges, such as the high cost of the equipment and the learning curve required for surgeons to become familiar with the technology. Furthermore, there is still debate about the superiority of robotics over traditional techniques, such as open thoracic surgery. The use of robotics in cardiac surgery represents a significant advance in modern medicine, providing benefits for both patients and surgeons. Although there are still challenges to overcome, current evidence suggests that robotics has the potential to revolutionize surgical practice and improve clinical outcomes for patients with heart disease.
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