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Abstract
Post-operative infections are a significant concern in major surgery and can increase morbidity, length of stay and hospital costs. Effective prevention strategies are key to reducing the incidence of these infections and improving patients’ clinical outcomes. This study aims to review the strategies available for reducing infections in major surgery, including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative measures, focusing on the latest scientific evidence and best clinical practices, providing valuable information for healthcare professionals involved in perioperative care and contributing to improved surgical outcomes and patient safety. This is an exploratory bibliographic review using qualitative assumptions, using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, AORN Journal and Nursing Critical Care databases, with a time frame between 2013 and 2022. In addition, the health descriptors “strategies in the postoperative period”, “postoperative hospital infections”, “prevention of infections in the surgical act” and “infection in the surgical and post-surgical site” were used. Strategies for reducing post-operative infections in major surgery include measures such as the proper administration of prophylactic antibiotics, preparation of the patient’s skin with antiseptics, optimization of the surgical technique to reduce tissue exposure time, the use of protective devices for the surgical field and the implementation of infection control protocols. In addition, early identification and treatment of comorbidities such as diabetes and obesity, which can increase the risk of infection, are essential. The education of healthcare professionals and the adoption of proper hygiene practices also play a crucial role in preventing post-operative infections. Reducing post-operative infections in major surgery requires a multi-faceted approach, which includes pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative measures. Proper implementation of these strategies can significantly reduce the incidence of infections and improve the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing major surgery.
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