Keywords
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Abstract
Obesity is a complex, multifactorial medical condition that affects millions of people around the world. In addition to the known effects on general health, obesity can also have a significant impact on fertility and pregnancy in both women and men. This study aims to review the effects of obesity on fertility and pregnancy, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to managing these conditions. This is an exploratory literature review using qualitative assumptions, using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO and Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia databases, with a time frame between 2010 and 2022. In addition, the health descriptors “obesity and fertility in women”, “female infertility due to obesity”, “lifestyle and consequences in pregnancy” were used. Obesity is associated with a series of fertility problems in women, including irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation, polycystic ovary syndrome and reduced success rates in assisted reproduction treatments. In men, obesity can lead to changes in sperm quality and reduced fertility. During pregnancy, obesity increases the risk of complications for mother and baby, including gestational diabetes, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, premature birth, birth defects and fetal death. In addition, obese women are more likely to need a caesarean section and may face difficulties breastfeeding. Thus, the management of obesity in fertility and pregnancy requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving doctors, nutritionists, psychologists and other health professionals. Treatment strategies can include lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, as well as careful monitoring of maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. It can therefore be concluded that obesity can have a significant impact on fertility and pregnancy, increasing the risk of complications for mother and baby. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of obesity in fertility and pregnancy is essential to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients.
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