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Abstract
Children reach gut-associated maturity gradually, and during this process the fundamental element is represented by the interactions between the dendritic cells of the lamina propria and the cells of the intestinal mucosa. We will review the analyzes regarding the importance of the infant intestinal microbiota, its postpartum development until it becomes similar to that of an adult, the colonization process and types of microorganisms that settle, in addition to factors that can modulate the microbiome of the baby, related pediatric diseases and the relevance of food introduction. The first 1,000 days are crucial for a healthy life in the future. After 6 months of birth, the baby will start eating solid foods. Choosing food can lead to a healthier life. In view of the above, it is understood that the first microorganisms to establish themselves in the intestinal microbiota result in metabolic programming, intestinal and immunological maturation that, therefore, will determine the health status in the short to long term.
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