Abstract
Cases of bioinvasion in Brazil and abroad have been causing serious environmental and economic problems of great order. Cases such as the golden mussel, the zebra mussel, and the North Pacific star, among others, caused economic problems in the fishing activity, and in the industry, such as cases of clogging in coolers and maintenance in hydroelectric turbines. The cholera epidemic took place a long time ago, this was also due to the transport of ballast between continents. Onshore ballast water treatments are quite costly and require logistical support. Ballast water treatment on board despite having to change the project, and having physical space in the engine room seems to be an excellent alternative, there are already projects being manufactured, and these have already been approved by the IMO. There is also the alternative of reusing ballast water, through desalination by reverse osmosis, in which fresh water is obtained that can be used for other purposes. The present work aims to demonstrate the problems arising from bioinvasion, and ballast water treatment alternatives, and their advantages.
References
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DANG, K. et al. Application study of ballast water treatment by electrolyzing seawater. In: Matheickal JT, Raaymakers S (eds), Second International Symposium on Ballast Water Treatment. International Maritime Organisation, London, UK, 2004. 103-110 p.
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FACT SHEET 14. Ballast water treatment. 2005.
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IMO. E-book. Disponível em: http://www.imo.org/Pages/home.aspx. Acesso em: 11 set. 2011.
KANESIRO, A. F. S. dos. Meio ambiente – Água de Lastro. In: FREITAS, V. P. de. (org.). Direito Ambiental em Evolução. Curitiba: Juruá, 2005.
KAZUMI, J. Ballast Water Treatment Technologies and Their Application for Vessels Entering the Great Lakes via the St. Lawrence Seaway. University of Miami. 2007.
LEEMANS, E. “Clean Shipping: The Way Ahead for a Sustainable Maritime Industry”. Maritime Review. Autumn. 36-38 p. 2004. 3 figura.
LEFFLER, C.E.B. et al. Ballast Water Processing System utilizing several advanced oxidation concepts and neutralization techniques. International ballast conference Singapore. 2008.
LLOYD`S REGISTER. Ballast Water Treatment Technology. Lloyd`s. Register Life Matters. 2007.
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MEDEIROS, D. de S. Avaliação de risco da introdução de espécies marinhas exóticas por meio de água de lastro no Terminal Portuário de Ponta Ubu. Espirito Santo: IPT. 2004.
MESBAHI, E. Latest results from testing seven different technologies under the EU MARTOB project - Where do we stand now? In: Matheickal JT, Raaymakers S (eds), Second International Symposium on Ballast Water Treatment. International Maritime Organisation, London, UK, 2004. 210-230 p.
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MOUNTFORT, D. et al. Heat treatment of ship’s ballast water: Development and Application of Model Based on Laboratory Studies. Globallast. 2003.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (NRC) MARINE BOARD. Stemming the Tide: Controlling Introductions of Nonindigenous Species by Ships' Ballast Water. Committee on Ships' Ballast Operations, Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, NRC. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1996.
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PEREIRA, N.N.; BRINATI. H.L. Estudo sobre tratamento de água de lastro. 22º Congresso Nacional de Transportes Marítimos, Construção Naval e Offshore - Rio de Janeiro. RJ. Outubro de 2008. 8 figura.
PEREIRA, N.N.; BRINATI. H.L. Estudo sobre tratamento de água de lastro. 22º Congresso Nacional de Transportes Marítimos, Construção Naval e Offshore - Rio de Janeiro. RJ. Outubro de 2008a.
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PYSEK, P.; RICHARDSON, D.M.; PERGL, J.; JAROSIK, V.; SIXTOVA, Z.; WEBER, E. Geographical and taxonomic biases in invasion ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 23(5). 2008. p. 237–244.
RADAN D.; LOVRIC, J. Utilisation of diesel engine waste heat for ship's ballast water heat treatment. Department of mechanical engineering polytechnic of Dubrovnik, Croatia. 2000.
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RIGBY, G. Possible solutions to the ballast water problem. Australian Quarantine. 1994.
RIGBY, G. Possible solutions to the ballast water problem. Australian Quarantine. 1994. 8 figura.
RIGBY, G. "Ballast Water Treatment Technology: Choosing the Best Options". MarStudies 8. 2004.
RÖPELL, H.; MANN, T. A new modular concept for the treatment of ships. Hamann project. 2nd International Ballast Water Treatment Proceedings. IMO. 2003.
ROYAL CARIBBEAN INTERNATIONAL. A floating vacation destination. 2006. 3 figura.
SASS, J. et al. Experiments with ultraviolet light, ultrasound and ozone technologies for onboard ballast water treatment. VTT Tied-Val Tekn Tutk. 2005.
SCHNACK, S. et al. Ballast Water Treatment Systems. Case studies. Danish Shipowner’s Association. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.nei-marine.com/documents/Grontmij_Presentation_6-09%20Danmarks- Rederiforening-GMCB-BWM-20090616.pdf. Acesso em 14 de fev. 2010. 10 figura.
SCHNACK, S. et al. Ballast Water Treatment Systems. Case studies. Danish Shipowner’s Association. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.nei-marine.com/documents/Grontmij_Presentation_6-09%20Danmarks- Rederiforening-GMCB-BWM-20090616.pdf. Acesso em 14 de fev. 2010. 11 figura.
SECEX - Secretaria de Comércio exterior. E-book. Disponível em: http://www.mdic.gov.br/sitio/interna/index.php?area=5. Acesso em: 11 set. 2011.
SILVA, J.; SOUZA, R. Água de Lastro e Bioinvasão. InterCiência. 2004.
SKÖLD, S. What is the problem? Green Port Conference. 2011. 1-12p. 3 figura.
STOCKS, D.T. et al. Treatment of residual ballast water in the NOBOB ship using heat. In: Matheickal JT, Raaymakers S (eds), Second International Symposium on Ballast Water Treatment. International Maritime Organisation, London, UK, 2004. 137-147 p.
TAMBURRI, M.; HUYBREGTS, I., Potential of Venturi Oxygen Stripping to Stop Ballast Water Invasions in Freshwater Environments. 2005. Disponível em: http://www.fws.gov/midwest/fisheries/33Evaluationsofpilotscaleventurioxygenstrippingtopreventballastwaterinvasions/Huybregts_REU_05.pdf. Acesso em: 13/02/2010.
TAMBURRI, M.; HUYBREGTS, I., Potential of Venturi Oxygen Stripping to Stop Ballast Water Invasions in Freshwater Environments. 2005. Disponível em: http://www.fws.gov/midwest/fisheries/33Evaluationsofpilotscaleventurioxygenstrippingtopreventballastwaterinvasions/Huybregts_REU_05.pdf. Acesso em: 13/02/2010. 10 figura.
TAYLOR, A. Personal communication to the Committee on Ships' Ballast Operations. Washington, D.C., October 3. 1995.
TSOLAKI, E., DIAMADOPOULOS, E. Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review. Journal of Chemical Technology Biotechnology, 85, 2010. 19-32p.
WRIGHT, G. Final Summary Report. April. 2004.
ZHOU, P.; LAGOGIANNIS, V. On board treatment of ballast water (Technologies Development and Applications). Globallast. 2003.
BROWN e CALDWELL. Port of Milwaukee Onshore Ballast Water Treatment– Feasibility 6 Study Report. Prepared for the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Brown and 7 Caldwell, Milwaukee, WI. 2007. 114 p.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY - CAPA. Evaluation of Ballast Water Treatment Technology for Control of 14 Nonindigenous Aquatic Organisms. State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, CA. 2002. 70 p.
CALIFORNIA STATE LANDS COMMISSION - CSLC. Draft 2010 Assessment of the Efficacy, Availability and Environmental Impacts of Ballast Water Treatment Systems for Use in California Waters. California State Lands Commission, Sacramento, CA. 2010. 149 p.
CARLTON, J.T. Transoceanic and inter–oceanic dispersal of coastal marine organisms: the biology of ballast water. Rev. 23. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. 1985. p. 313–317.
CARLTON J.T., et al. Transoceanic and inter-oceanic dispersal of coastal marine organisms: The biology of ballast water. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. v.23. 1995.
CARMO, M. C. do Água de Lastro. E-book. Disponível em: http://www.aguadelastrobrasil.org.br/arquivos/Marce-la%20Chauviere%20do%20Carmo%20%C3%a1gua%20de%20lastro.pdf. Acesso em: 15 out. 2011.
COHEN, A. N.; CARLTON, J.T. Accelerating invasion rate in a highly invaded estuary. Science 279. 1998. p. 555–558.
Convenção Internacional para Controle e Gestão de Água de Lastro. E-book. Disponível em: www.mma.gov.br › conabio › _arquivos › apresentao_gua_de_lastro. Acesso em: 31 ago. 2019. 2 figura.
DAMES & MOORE. Phase I Final Report Ballast Water Exchange and Treatment. A Report 29 for the California Association of Port Authorities, Pacific Merchant Shipping Association, 30 Steamship Association of Southern California, and Western States Petroleum Association. 31 Dames and Moore, San Francisco, CA. 1999.
DANG, K. et al. Application study of ballast water treatment by electrolyzing seawater. In: Matheickal JT, Raaymakers S (eds), Second International Symposium on Ballast Water Treatment. International Maritime Organisation, London, UK, 2004. 103-110 p.
DARDEAU, J.R. et al., Zebra mussel control with backwash filtration Waterpower. Proc int Conference on Hydropower 2, p. 1256-1264. 1995.
Disponível em: http://www.mma.gov.br › conabio › _arquivos › apresentao_gua_de_lastro. Acesso em: 31 ago. 2019. 4 figura.
Disponível em: pt.wikipedia.org. Acesso em: 25 ago. 2019. 5 figura.
Disponível em: repositorio.furg.br. Acesso em: 25 ago. 2019. 6 figura.
Disponível em: www.alfalaval.com. 12 figura.
Disponível em: www.hydemarine.com. 13 figura.
Disponível em: www.ecochlor.com. 14 figura.
DOBROSKI, N. et al. Ballast water treatment technology testing guidelines. The California State Land Commission. Marine Invasive Species Program. 2007.
DPC. E-book. Disponível em: http://www.dpc.mar.mil.br/. Acesso em: 11 set. 2011.
DUFFY, M.A.; PERRY, L.J.C.; KEARNS, M.; WEIDER, L.J.; HAIRSTON, N.G. Paleogenetic evidence for a past invasion of Onondaga Lake, New York, by exotic Daphinia curvirostrisusing mtDNA from dormant eggs. Limnol. Oceanogr. 45. 2000. p. 1409–1414.
FACT SHEET 14. Ballast water treatment. 2005.
FERREIRA, C.E.L.; GONÇALVES, J.E.A.; COUTINHO, R. Cascos de navios e plataformas como vetores na introdução de espécies exóticas. In: SILVA, J.S.V. e SOUZA, R.C.C.L. (org.). Água de lastro e bioinvasão, Rio de Janeiro: Interciência. 2004. p. 143–155.
GLOBALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME. On guidelines and standards for ballast water sampling. Monograph. 2003. 7 figura.
GOLLASCH, S. The importance of ship hull fouling as a vector of species introductions into the North Sea. Biofouling 18(2). 2002. p. 105–121.
GOLLASCH, S. et al. Critical review of the IMO international convention on the management of ships’ ballast water and sediments. Harmful Algae, 6, 2007. 585–600.
HALLEGRAEFF, G.M. A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologica 32. 1993. 79–99 p.
IMO. E-book. Disponível em: http://www.imo.org/Pages/home.aspx. Acesso em: 11 set. 2011.
KANESIRO, A. F. S. dos. Meio ambiente – Água de Lastro. In: FREITAS, V. P. de. (org.). Direito Ambiental em Evolução. Curitiba: Juruá, 2005.
KAZUMI, J. Ballast Water Treatment Technologies and Their Application for Vessels Entering the Great Lakes via the St. Lawrence Seaway. University of Miami. 2007.
LEEMANS, E. “Clean Shipping: The Way Ahead for a Sustainable Maritime Industry”. Maritime Review. Autumn. 36-38 p. 2004. 3 figura.
LEFFLER, C.E.B. et al. Ballast Water Processing System utilizing several advanced oxidation concepts and neutralization techniques. International ballast conference Singapore. 2008.
LLOYD`S REGISTER. Ballast Water Treatment Technology. Lloyd`s. Register Life Matters. 2007.
LLOYD`S REGISTER. Ballast Water Treatment Technology. Lloyd`s. Register Life Matters. 2007. 9 figura.
MEDEIROS, D. de S. Avaliação de risco da introdução de espécies marinhas exóticas por meio de água de lastro no Terminal Portuário de Ponta Ubu. Espirito Santo: IPT. 2004.
MESBAHI, E. Latest results from testing seven different technologies under the EU MARTOB project - Where do we stand now? In: Matheickal JT, Raaymakers S (eds), Second International Symposium on Ballast Water Treatment. International Maritime Organisation, London, UK, 2004. 210-230 p.
MMA. E-book. Disponível em: http://www.mma.gov.br/seguranca-quimica/agua-de-lastro/mexilhao-dourado. Acesso em: 15 jul. 2012.
MOUNTFORT, D. et al. Heat treatment of ship’s ballast water: Development and Application of Model Based on Laboratory Studies. Globallast. 2003.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (NRC) MARINE BOARD. Stemming the Tide: Controlling Introductions of Nonindigenous Species by Ships' Ballast Water. Committee on Ships' Ballast Operations, Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, NRC. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1996.
PEREIRA, N. N. Alternativas de tratamento da água de lastro em portos exportadores de minério de ferro. 2012. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia) – Departamento de Engenharia Naval e Oceânica. Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo. 2012.
PEREIRA, N.N.; BRINATI. H.L. Estudo sobre tratamento de água de lastro. 22º Congresso Nacional de Transportes Marítimos, Construção Naval e Offshore - Rio de Janeiro. RJ. Outubro de 2008. 8 figura.
PEREIRA, N.N.; BRINATI. H.L. Estudo sobre tratamento de água de lastro. 22º Congresso Nacional de Transportes Marítimos, Construção Naval e Offshore - Rio de Janeiro. RJ. Outubro de 2008a.
PEREIRA,N.N.; BRINATI, H.L. Um estudo sobre água de lastro. 2008. Congresso Nacional de Transporte Aquaviário, Construção Naval e Offshore, 2008b.
PORTO DE SANTOS. Água de Lastro. E-book. Disponível em: http://www.portodesantos.com.br/qualidade/lastro.html. Acesso em: 15 jun. 2009. 1 figura.
PYSEK, P.; RICHARDSON, D.M.; PERGL, J.; JAROSIK, V.; SIXTOVA, Z.; WEBER, E. Geographical and taxonomic biases in invasion ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 23(5). 2008. p. 237–244.
RADAN D.; LOVRIC, J. Utilisation of diesel engine waste heat for ship's ballast water heat treatment. Department of mechanical engineering polytechnic of Dubrovnik, Croatia. 2000.
.
RIGBY, G. Possible solutions to the ballast water problem. Australian Quarantine. 1994.
RIGBY, G. Possible solutions to the ballast water problem. Australian Quarantine. 1994. 8 figura.
RIGBY, G. "Ballast Water Treatment Technology: Choosing the Best Options". MarStudies 8. 2004.
RÖPELL, H.; MANN, T. A new modular concept for the treatment of ships. Hamann project. 2nd International Ballast Water Treatment Proceedings. IMO. 2003.
ROYAL CARIBBEAN INTERNATIONAL. A floating vacation destination. 2006. 3 figura.
SASS, J. et al. Experiments with ultraviolet light, ultrasound and ozone technologies for onboard ballast water treatment. VTT Tied-Val Tekn Tutk. 2005.
SCHNACK, S. et al. Ballast Water Treatment Systems. Case studies. Danish Shipowner’s Association. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.nei-marine.com/documents/Grontmij_Presentation_6-09%20Danmarks- Rederiforening-GMCB-BWM-20090616.pdf. Acesso em 14 de fev. 2010. 10 figura.
SCHNACK, S. et al. Ballast Water Treatment Systems. Case studies. Danish Shipowner’s Association. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.nei-marine.com/documents/Grontmij_Presentation_6-09%20Danmarks- Rederiforening-GMCB-BWM-20090616.pdf. Acesso em 14 de fev. 2010. 11 figura.
SECEX - Secretaria de Comércio exterior. E-book. Disponível em: http://www.mdic.gov.br/sitio/interna/index.php?area=5. Acesso em: 11 set. 2011.
SILVA, J.; SOUZA, R. Água de Lastro e Bioinvasão. InterCiência. 2004.
SKÖLD, S. What is the problem? Green Port Conference. 2011. 1-12p. 3 figura.
STOCKS, D.T. et al. Treatment of residual ballast water in the NOBOB ship using heat. In: Matheickal JT, Raaymakers S (eds), Second International Symposium on Ballast Water Treatment. International Maritime Organisation, London, UK, 2004. 137-147 p.
TAMBURRI, M.; HUYBREGTS, I., Potential of Venturi Oxygen Stripping to Stop Ballast Water Invasions in Freshwater Environments. 2005. Disponível em: http://www.fws.gov/midwest/fisheries/33Evaluationsofpilotscaleventurioxygenstrippingtopreventballastwaterinvasions/Huybregts_REU_05.pdf. Acesso em: 13/02/2010.
TAMBURRI, M.; HUYBREGTS, I., Potential of Venturi Oxygen Stripping to Stop Ballast Water Invasions in Freshwater Environments. 2005. Disponível em: http://www.fws.gov/midwest/fisheries/33Evaluationsofpilotscaleventurioxygenstrippingtopreventballastwaterinvasions/Huybregts_REU_05.pdf. Acesso em: 13/02/2010. 10 figura.
TAYLOR, A. Personal communication to the Committee on Ships' Ballast Operations. Washington, D.C., October 3. 1995.
TSOLAKI, E., DIAMADOPOULOS, E. Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review. Journal of Chemical Technology Biotechnology, 85, 2010. 19-32p.
WRIGHT, G. Final Summary Report. April. 2004.
ZHOU, P.; LAGOGIANNIS, V. On board treatment of ballast water (Technologies Development and Applications). Globallast. 2003.
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