Palavras-chave
Como Citar
Resumo
Since December 2019, an outbreak of viral infection causing respiratory disease with a new virus, the Coronaviridae family, emerged in the city of Wuhan, China to worldwide. With initial symptoms similar to Coronavirus related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and an increase in the speed of spread the World Health Organization (WHO) decrees a pandemic situation on March 11, 2020. Moreover, approximately 3.4 million deaths worldwide and 165 million cases were confirmed. Thus, contributing to an important global health problem responsible for changes in economic and social paradigms. There is no available treatment for COVID-19 until today. Although, several drugs are being used as alternative therapeutics against the diseases, mainly in severe cases. This review aimed to highlight the current anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant alternatives treatment measures for control of COVID 19 infection. Here we discuss the drugs, pharmacological proprieties, and the respective studies COVID-19 related, and also, several research protocols to respond and control the pandemic for the prophylaxis and treatment.
Referências
ÁLVAREZ-RODRÍGUEZ, E. Learning with COVID-19: what about anticoagulation? Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, [s. l.], 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0884
ANVISA. Bulário Eletrônico. [S. l.], 2007. Available at: http://www.anvisa.gov.br/datavisa/fila_bula/index.asp.
BEZERRA, C. M. Diagnóstico molecular da talassemia a+ (deleção -a3.7) em indivíduos com microcitose e/ou hipocromia atendidos no Hemocentro Dalton Barbosa Cunha em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, [s. l.], v. 32, n. 1, p. 90–91, 2010. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-84842010000100022
BUSHRA, R.; ASLAM, N. An Overview of Clinical Pharmacology of Ibuprofen. Oman Medical Journal, [s. l.], v. 25, n. 3, p. 155–161, 2010. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2010.49
CLAUSEN, T. M. et al. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depends on Cellular Heparan Sulfate and ACE2. Cell, [s. l.], v. 183, n. 4, p. 1043-1057.e15, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.033
DEXAMETHASONE IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH COVID-19. New England Journal of Medicine, [s. l.], v. 384, n. 8, p. 693–704, 2021. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2021436
J, F.; P, B.; W, J. Advances in Heparins and Related Research. An Epilogue. Molecules, [s. l.], v. 23, n. 2, p. 390, 2018. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23020390
JOHNSON, R. M.; VINETZ, J. M. Dexamethasone in the management of covid -19. BMJ, [s. l.], p. m2648, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2648
LESTER, M.; SAHIN, A.; PASYAR, A. The use of dexamethasone in the treatment of COVID-19. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, [s. l.], v. 56, p. 218–219, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.004
LINGAMANENI, P. et al. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19. Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports, [s. l.], v. 8, p. 232470962094409, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2324709620944091
MICALLEF, J.; SOEIRO, T.; JONVILLE-BÉRA, A.-P. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pharmacology, and COVID-19 infection. Therapies, [s. l.], v. 75, n. 4, p. 355–362, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.therap.2020.05.003
MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE. Diretrizes para diagnostico e tratamento da COVID-19 versão 1. [S. l.], 2020a.
MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE. Guia de Vigilância Epidemiológica: emergência de saúde pública de importância nacional pela doença pelo coronavírus. [S. l.], 2020b. Available at: http://www.saude.gov.br/svs%0Ahttps://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/April/07/GuiaDeVigiEpidemC19-v2.pdf.
MULLOY, B. et al. Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs. Pharmacological Reviews, [s. l.], v. 68, n. 1, p. 76–141, 2016. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.011247
NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 3672, Ibuprofen. [S. l.], 2020a. Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ibuprofen.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5743, Dexamethasone. [S. l.], 2020b. Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dexamethasone.
PAHO. Folha informativa COVID-19 - Escritório da OPAS e da OMS no Brasil - OPAS/OMS. [S. l.], 2020. Available at: https://www.paho.org/pt/covid19#cloroquina.
PARZY, G. et al. Venous Thromboembolism Events Following Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Based on CT Scans. Critical Care Medicine, [s. l.], v. 48, n. 10, p. e971–e975, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004504
PATEL, S. K. et al. Dexamethasone: A boon for critically ill COVID-19 patients? Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, [s. l.], v. 37, p. 101844, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101844
ROBB, C. T. et al. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, prostaglandins, and COVID‐19. British Journal of Pharmacology, [s. l.], v. 177, n. 21, p. 4899–4920, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15206
SIDDIQI, H. K.; MEHRA, M. R. COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: A clinical–therapeutic staging proposal. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, [s. l.], v. 39, n. 5, p. 405–407, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.03.012
SMART, L. et al. A narrative review of the potential pharmacological influence and safety of ibuprofen on coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), ACE2, and the immune system: a dichotomy of expectation and reality. Inflammopharmacology, [s. l.], v. 28, n. 5, p. 1141–1152, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-020-00745-z
SPOORENBERG, S. M. C. et al. Pharmacokinetics of oral vs . intravenous dexamethasone in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, [s. l.], v. 78, n. 1, p. 78–83, 2014. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12295
STERNE, J. A. C. et al. Association Between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. JAMA, [s. l.], v. 324, n. 13, p. 1330, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.17023
TANG, N. et al. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, [s. l.], v. 18, n. 5, p. 1094–1099, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14817
THACHIL, J. The versatile heparin in COVID‐19. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, [s. l.], v. 18, n. 5, p. 1020–1022, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14821
THEOHARIDES, T. C.; CONTI, P. Dexamethasone for COVID-19? Not so fast. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents, [s. l.], v. 34, n. 3, p. 1241–1243, [s. d.]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.23812/20-EDITORIAL_1-5
TOVAR, A. M. F. et al. Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. Scientific Reports, [s. l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 35619, 2016. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35619
TRINDADE, G. G. et al. COVID-19: therapeutic approaches description and discussion. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, [s. l.], v. 92, n. 2, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020200466
UNIVERSITY, J. H. COVID-19 Dashboard. [S. l.], 2021. Available at: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Clinical management of COVID-19. [S. l.], 2020a. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/clinical-management-of-covid-19.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). [S. l.], 2020b. Available at: ttps://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19.