Palavras-chave
older persons, ageism, retirement age increase, labor rights, employment.
Como Citar
O. Suleymanova, F. . (2021). EFFICIENCY OF LEGAL WAYS TO FIGHT AGEISM ON THE LABOR MARKET IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. Revista Gênero E Interdisciplinaridade, 2(01). https://doi.org/10.51249/gei.v2i01.162
Resumo
The relevance of the research is due to the fact that in Russia, same as elsewhere in the world, the ratio of older persons increases, so increases the proportion of employed older persons. This study is aimed at describing the position of older people in the labor market for both those who have the status of a retired and those who do not have this status. The paper studies the impact of the retirement age increase on employment in the labor market, assesses the adequacy and efficiency of additional legal guarantees introduced due to the increase in the retirement age (criminal liability for the denial of employment, release from work due to annual physical, etc.). The study tries to find out how Russian labor legislation is adapted to solve problems that arise from age, and whether it is able to counteract ageism in the labor market. The research was conducted by analyzing international and Russian legislation that determines the retirement age, and the impact of the retirement age on labor market rights and employee status. The existing special legal norms regulating the labor of retired and pre-retired employees, as well as norms aimed at overcoming ageism, are considered comprehensively. In particular, the paper concludes that the current norms for regulating the labor of employed pensioners and pre-retirees are insufficient; the norms on fixed-term employment contracts with elderly pensioners are discriminatory; the criminal liability for the denial of employment of pre-retirees is inefficient, and so on. The materials of the paper may be helpful in improving the current labor and social legislation aimed at supporting older age groups in the labor market.
Referências
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Biggs, S., Carstensen, L., Hogan, P., 2012. Social capital, lifelong learning and social innovation. In: Beard J. L., Biggs S., Bloom D. E., fried L. P., Kalache A., Olshansky S. J. (eds). Global Population Ageing: Peril or Promise? World Economic forum: Geneva. URL https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-population-ageing-peril-or-promise
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Chayka, L.N., 2019. Features of legal regulation of labor of pre-retirement workers. Pravo i ekonomika, 11, 68 - 72. URL: http://www.consultant.ru
Civil Review on the Implementation of the RAO UES of Russia in Russia “2020-2030: A Decade of Action for the RAO UES of Russia. Challenges and solutions”. URL: http://kurs2030.ru/report2020?fbclid=IwAR1W85wEPBbZQJadHMALb7rxNlTI9TvEit4HS6T50DAuPOWOl6rWfulYqzs
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Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, World population ageing: 1950 - 2050. URL: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WPA2015_Report.pdf.
Dmitrieva, O. G., 2015. Pension systems and pension reforms. Moscow: Nauka.
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Frolova, A., 2010. Age discrimination in hiring. Upravleniye personalom, 21, 38-42. URL: http://www.consultant.ru
Gamezo, M.V., Gerasimova, B.C., Gorelova, G.G., Orlova, L.M., 1999. Developmental psychology: personality from youth to old age. Moscow.
Ghosheh, N., 2008. Age Discrimination and Older Workers: Theory and Legislation in Comparative Context. Geneva: International labour office. URL: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---travail/documents/publication/wcms_travail_pub_19.pdf
Gimpelson, V. E., Lukiyanova, A., Sharunina, A., 2015. Estimating the PublicPrivate Wage Gap in Russia: What Does Quantile Regression Tell Us? Working paper no. BRP 104/ EC/2015. Series WP BRP “Economics/EC”. Higher School of Economics. URL: https://publications.hse.ru/mirror/pubs/share/folder/o9gi6p83ed/direct/175290046.pdf.
Hedge, J. W., Borman, W. C., Lammlein, S. E., 2006. The Ageing Workforce: Realities, Myths and Implications for Organizations. American Psychological Association: Washington, DC.
ILO global report 'Equality at work: search for answers to calls'. URL: www.ilo.org/declaration.
Ivankina, T.V., 1979. Problems of legal regulation of the distribution of public consumption funds. Izd-vo Leningradskogo un-ta.
Klepikova, E. A., Kolosnitsyna, M. G., 2019. Ageism in the Russian labor market: discrimination in wages. Sovremennoe pravo, 7, 78-82.
Klepikova, E. A., Kolosnitsyna, M. G., (n.d.). Ageism in the Russian labor market: discrimination in wages. URL: https://publications.hse.ru/mirror/pubs/share/direct/211147500
Lyutov, N.L., Gerasimova, Ye.S., 2016. Discrimination in the world of work: issues of efficiency of norms and law enforcement practice. Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava, 3.
Mosina, O. A., 2015. Institute of Russian social policy in relation to the elderly: experience of sociological conceptualization. Extended abstract of candidate dissertation (sociological sciences). Tyumen.
Novikov, V.A. (2020). Critical reflections on criminal liability for discrimination of persons of pre-retirement and older age in the field of labor relations. Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava, 4, 128 - 133. URL: http://www.consultant.ru
Report of the Global Commission on the Future of Labor 'Working for a better future', 2019. International labour office. Geneva: ILO.
Roik, V.D., (n.d.). Elderly and ageing society in Russia: choosing a model of life. Moscow: Prospekt.
Sanderson, W., Scherbov, S. «Age Structure, Mortality and Prospective Ageing», presentation at the United Nations expert group meeting on changing population age structures and sustainable development. Sanderson, S. New York, 13 and 14 October 2016. URL:https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/events/pdf/expert/25/2016-EGM_Warren %20Sanderson.pdf.
Second World Assembly on Ageing, Report of the Secretary General, 6 July 2009, A/64/127. URL: https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/reports/Ageing.pdf
Serebryakova, E. A., (n.d.). Social and labor rehabilitation and adaptation of disabled and elderly people: monograph. Ed. Buyanova, M. O.
Seregina, L. V., 2019. Some legal problems of protection from unemployment of citizens of the older generation. Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava, 6, 111-125.
Solntsev, A.M., Keburiya, K.O., 2013. K voprosu o sozdanii mezhdunarodnogo dogovora o pravakh pozhilykh lyudey. Sotsial'noye i pensionnoye pravo, 2. URL: http://www.consultant.ru
The Demographic Yearbook of Russia, 2017. Federal State Statistics Service. URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/bgd/regl/B17_16/Main.htm
Van Dalen, H., Henkens, K., Schippers, J., 2010. Productivity of older workers: Perceptions of employers and employees. Population and Development Review 36 (2).
Vladimirova, Yu. V.б 2002. The meaning of the employee's age in labor law. Candidate dissertation (law sciences). Perm.
World Health Statistics 2018: Monitoring health for the SDGs. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272596/9789241565585-eng.pdf?ua=1.
Zakharov, M. L., 2013. International and Russian pension provisions: a comparative analysis. Eds. Tuchkova, E. G., Vasilieva, Yu. V. Moscow.
Zakharov, M. L., 2013. Social insurance in Russia: past, present and development prospects: monograph. Moscow: Prospekt.
Zaytseva, L.V., Kursova, O.A., Khil'chuk, E.L., 2019. Justification and consequences of raising the retirement age. Rossiyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal, 2, 144-155. URL: http://www.consultant.ru
Acharkan, V. A., 1973. Relevant problems of pension provision. In: Dokhody trudyashchikhsya i sotsial'nyye problemy urovnya zhizni naseleniya v SSSR. Moscow.
Azarova, E.G., Kozlov, A.E., 1983. Personality and social security in the USSR. Moscow. See also Vladimirskaya.
Biggs, S., Carstensen, L., Hogan, P., 2012. Social capital, lifelong learning and social innovation. In: Beard J. L., Biggs S., Bloom D. E., fried L. P., Kalache A., Olshansky S. J. (eds). Global Population Ageing: Peril or Promise? World Economic forum: Geneva. URL https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-population-ageing-peril-or-promise
Change of the age structure of the population and sustainable development. Report of the Secretary-General prepared by the population Division of the United Nations Department of economic and social Affairs, April 3-7, 2017. URL: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/pdf/commission/2017/documents/ECN920172/ru.pdf
Chayka, L.N., 2019. Features of legal regulation of labor of pre-retirement workers. Pravo i ekonomika, 11, 68 - 72. URL: http://www.consultant.ru
Civil Review on the Implementation of the RAO UES of Russia in Russia “2020-2030: A Decade of Action for the RAO UES of Russia. Challenges and solutions”. URL: http://kurs2030.ru/report2020?fbclid=IwAR1W85wEPBbZQJadHMALb7rxNlTI9TvEit4HS6T50DAuPOWOl6rWfulYqzs
Denisenko, M. B., Varshavskaya, E. Ya., 2017. Working life duration in Russia. Ekonomicheskiy zhurnal VSHE vol. 21, 4, 616. URL: https://ej.hse.ru/en/2017-21-4.htm
Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, World population ageing: 1950 - 2050. URL: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WPA2015_Report.pdf.
Dmitrieva, O. G., 2015. Pension systems and pension reforms. Moscow: Nauka.
European Commission report on ageing, 2018.URL:https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/economic-and-financial-affairs-publications_en (access date: 20.08.2020)
Frolova, A., 2010. Age discrimination in hiring. Upravleniye personalom, 21, 38-42. URL: http://www.consultant.ru
Gamezo, M.V., Gerasimova, B.C., Gorelova, G.G., Orlova, L.M., 1999. Developmental psychology: personality from youth to old age. Moscow.
Ghosheh, N., 2008. Age Discrimination and Older Workers: Theory and Legislation in Comparative Context. Geneva: International labour office. URL: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---travail/documents/publication/wcms_travail_pub_19.pdf
Gimpelson, V. E., Lukiyanova, A., Sharunina, A., 2015. Estimating the PublicPrivate Wage Gap in Russia: What Does Quantile Regression Tell Us? Working paper no. BRP 104/ EC/2015. Series WP BRP “Economics/EC”. Higher School of Economics. URL: https://publications.hse.ru/mirror/pubs/share/folder/o9gi6p83ed/direct/175290046.pdf.
Hedge, J. W., Borman, W. C., Lammlein, S. E., 2006. The Ageing Workforce: Realities, Myths and Implications for Organizations. American Psychological Association: Washington, DC.
ILO global report 'Equality at work: search for answers to calls'. URL: www.ilo.org/declaration.
Ivankina, T.V., 1979. Problems of legal regulation of the distribution of public consumption funds. Izd-vo Leningradskogo un-ta.
Klepikova, E. A., Kolosnitsyna, M. G., 2019. Ageism in the Russian labor market: discrimination in wages. Sovremennoe pravo, 7, 78-82.
Klepikova, E. A., Kolosnitsyna, M. G., (n.d.). Ageism in the Russian labor market: discrimination in wages. URL: https://publications.hse.ru/mirror/pubs/share/direct/211147500
Lyutov, N.L., Gerasimova, Ye.S., 2016. Discrimination in the world of work: issues of efficiency of norms and law enforcement practice. Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava, 3.
Mosina, O. A., 2015. Institute of Russian social policy in relation to the elderly: experience of sociological conceptualization. Extended abstract of candidate dissertation (sociological sciences). Tyumen.
Novikov, V.A. (2020). Critical reflections on criminal liability for discrimination of persons of pre-retirement and older age in the field of labor relations. Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava, 4, 128 - 133. URL: http://www.consultant.ru
Report of the Global Commission on the Future of Labor 'Working for a better future', 2019. International labour office. Geneva: ILO.
Roik, V.D., (n.d.). Elderly and ageing society in Russia: choosing a model of life. Moscow: Prospekt.
Sanderson, W., Scherbov, S. «Age Structure, Mortality and Prospective Ageing», presentation at the United Nations expert group meeting on changing population age structures and sustainable development. Sanderson, S. New York, 13 and 14 October 2016. URL:https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/events/pdf/expert/25/2016-EGM_Warren %20Sanderson.pdf.
Second World Assembly on Ageing, Report of the Secretary General, 6 July 2009, A/64/127. URL: https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/reports/Ageing.pdf
Serebryakova, E. A., (n.d.). Social and labor rehabilitation and adaptation of disabled and elderly people: monograph. Ed. Buyanova, M. O.
Seregina, L. V., 2019. Some legal problems of protection from unemployment of citizens of the older generation. Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava, 6, 111-125.
Solntsev, A.M., Keburiya, K.O., 2013. K voprosu o sozdanii mezhdunarodnogo dogovora o pravakh pozhilykh lyudey. Sotsial'noye i pensionnoye pravo, 2. URL: http://www.consultant.ru
The Demographic Yearbook of Russia, 2017. Federal State Statistics Service. URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/bgd/regl/B17_16/Main.htm
Van Dalen, H., Henkens, K., Schippers, J., 2010. Productivity of older workers: Perceptions of employers and employees. Population and Development Review 36 (2).
Vladimirova, Yu. V.б 2002. The meaning of the employee's age in labor law. Candidate dissertation (law sciences). Perm.
World Health Statistics 2018: Monitoring health for the SDGs. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272596/9789241565585-eng.pdf?ua=1.
Zakharov, M. L., 2013. International and Russian pension provisions: a comparative analysis. Eds. Tuchkova, E. G., Vasilieva, Yu. V. Moscow.
Zakharov, M. L., 2013. Social insurance in Russia: past, present and development prospects: monograph. Moscow: Prospekt.
Zaytseva, L.V., Kursova, O.A., Khil'chuk, E.L., 2019. Justification and consequences of raising the retirement age. Rossiyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal, 2, 144-155. URL: http://www.consultant.ru
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