Palavras-chave
electronic evidence, digital technologies, blockchain, trial, proof
Como Citar
Grigoryevich Zaprutin, D. ., Nikiporets-Takigawa, G. ., V. Goncharov, V. ., Dmitriyevich Sekerin, V. ., & Evgenievna Gorokhova, A. . (2020). LEGAL PRACTICE IN THE BLOCKCHAIN ERA:: THE USE OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE. Revista Gênero E Interdisciplinaridade, 1(01). https://doi.org/10.51249/gei.v1i01.45
Resumo
This article examines the current trends in the development of the justice system due to the influence of digitalization in the Russian Federation, expressed in the use of digital technologies that complement the traditional system of evidence. The use of evidence obtained using e-mail, electronic digital signature, electronic documents, etc. is becoming more widespread. The purpose of this article is to study the current state and assess the prospects for using electronic evidence, the nature of which is related to the blockchain technology, in legal practice. Based on the legal provisions of criminal and civil proceedings, the types of electronic evidence that are reduced to written and physical evidence, explanations of persons involved in the case, expert opinions, expert consultations, witness statements, as well as audio and video recordings are systematized. The methods of using electronic evidence in litigation existing in international law enforcement practice are described, which, on the one hand, are limited to their interpretation based on the use of electronic signatures and, on the other hand, the application of the norms of traditional civil, criminal and administrative processes establishing general procedural features for evaluating evidence. The problems of using electronic evidence in Russian legal proceedings are highlighted. The absence of a legally established definition of an electronic document as evidence and the grounds on which it can be attached by the court to the materials of the case under consideration, the discussion on the form in which electronic documents should be presented as evidence, as well as the problems of evaluating digital evidence from the position of admissibility, relevance, and reliability are analyzed
Referências
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Distributed Ledger Technology: beyond blockchain. (2016). A report by the UK Government Chief Scientific Adviser. Government Office for Science. Retrieved from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/492972/gs-16-1-distributed-ledger-technology.pdf
Ark, T.V. (2018). Imagining A Blockchain University. Forbes. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomvanderark/2018/06/13/woolf-building-the-first-blockchain-university/#6acaad4d5ae5
Bayón, P. (2019). Key Legal Issues Surrounding Smart Contract Applications. KLRI Journal of Law and Legislation, 1, 68.
Levashov, A.I. (2017). Ispolzovanie raspredelennykh baz dannykh v dokazyvanii po ugolovnym delam. V sbornike: Organizatsionnoe, protsessualnoe i kriminalisticheskoe obespechenie ugolovnogo protsessa [Use of distributed databases in evidence in criminal cases. In the collection: Organizational, procedural and forensic support of the criminal process]. Materials of the 6th International scientific conference of students and undergraduates.
Wu, H., Zheng, G. (2020). Electronic evidence in the blockchain era: New rules on authenticity and integrity. Computer Law and Security Review, 36.
Grigorev, V.N., Sukhodolov, A.P., Ovanesyan, S.S., Spasennikova, M.G., Tyunkov, V.V. (2019). Tsifrovye informatsionnye platformy kak predmet normativno-pravovovgo regulirovaniya v sfere ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva [Digital information platforms as a subject of legal regulation in the field of criminal proceedings]. Vserossiiskii kriminologicheskii zhurnal, 13(6), 873.
Golubtsov, V.G. (2019). Teoriya dokazatelstv i tsifrovizatsiya v grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve [Evidence theory and digitalization in Civil Procedure]. Permskii yuridicheskii almanac, 2, 379.
Spasennikov, B.A., Shvyrev, B.A., Smirnov, A.M. (2015). Aktualnye problemy ugolovnogo prava: obzor literatury [Actual problems of criminal law: literature review]. Aktualnye voprosy obrazovaniya i nauki, 3-4(49-50), 35.
Krasnova, L.B. (2013). Elektronnye nositeli informatsii kak veshchestvennye dokazatelstva [Electronic storage media as evidence]. Izvestiya TGU. Ekonomicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki, 2.
Tkachev, A.V. (2014). Voprosy ispolzovaniya elektronnykh nositelei kompyuternoi informatsii v ugolovnom protsesse v kachestve dokazatelstv inykh dokumentov [Issues of using electronic media of computer information in criminal proceedings as evidence of other documents]. Biznes v zakone, 63.
Pastukhov, P.S. (2015). Problemy zakonodatelnogo regulirovaniya ispolzovaniya elektronnoi informatsii v kachestve dokazatelstv po ugolovnomu delu [Problems of legislative regulation of the use of electronic information as evidence in a criminal case]. Chernye dyry v rossiiskom zakonodatelstve, 3, 128.
Chegodaeva, S.S. (2014). Sovershenstvovanie pravovogo obespecheniya primeneniya NTS pri raskrytii i rassledovanii prestuplenii [Improving the legal framework for the use of NTM in the detection and investigation of crimes]. Probely v rossiiskom zakonodatelstve, 2, 225.
Zakharenko, V.V. (2018). Problema predstavleniya elektronnogo dokumenta v kachestve dokazatelstva v grazhdanskom i arbitrazhnom protsessakh [The problem of submitting an electronic document as evidence in civil and arbitration proceedings]. Vestnik nauki i obrazovaniya, 2(7(43)), 56.
Federal Law No. 149-FL. (July 27, 2006). On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection. Retrieved from: https://rg.ru/2006/07/29/informacia-dok.html
Lunev, K.V., Meliksetyan, L.V., Mikhnevich, T.N. (2018). Spornye voprosy pri ispolzovanii elektronnogo dokazatelstva v arbitrazhnom protsesse [Controversial issues when using electronic evidence in the arbitration process]. Nauchnoe soobshchestvo studentov. Mezhdistsiplinarnye issledovaniya: Elektronnyi sbornik statei po materialam 46 studencheskoi mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii.
The Code of Arbitration Procedure of the Russian Federation N 95-FL. (July 24, 2002). Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation N 30.
Nakhova, E.A. (2018). Nekotorye problemy ispolzovaniya elektronnykh dokazatelstv v arbitrazhnom protsesse [Some problems of using electronic evidence in the arbitration process]. Theory and practice of modern legal science: Materials of the IV international scientific-practical conference.
Rudneva, Yu.V., Kraskina, E.Yu., Nikonova, Yu.A. (2020). Elektronnye dokazatelstva v arbitrazhnom protsesse [Electronic evidence in the arbitration process]. Modern Science, 5-2, 196.
Can Electronic Documents Be Used As Evidence International Law Essay approach to the expressive function of international criminal justice. https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/internationallaw.php
The Admissibility of Electronic Evidence in Court: Fighting Against High-tech Crime. (2006). Retrieved from: http://www.itu.int/osg/csd/cybersecurity/WSIS/3rd_meeting_docs/contributions/libro_aeec_en.pdf
Sukhodolov, A.P., Ivantsov, S.V., Borisov, S.V., Spasennikov, B.A. (2017). Aktualnye problemy preduprezhdeniya prestuplenii v sfere ekonomiki, sovershaemykh s ispolzovaniem informatsionno-telekommunikatsionnykh setei [Actual problems of the prevention of crimes in the economy committed by using information and telecommunication networks]. Vserossiiskii kriminologicheskii zhurnal, 11(1), 13.
Kerr, O.S. (2005). Digital Evidence and the New Criminal Procedure. Columbia Law Review, 105(1), 279–318.
Vinnik Superseding Indictment (2017). Northern District of California. Department of Justice.
Kukarnikova, T.E. (2003). Elektronnyi dokument v ugolovnom protsesse i kriminalistike: avtoref. Dis. … kand. Yurid. Nauk [Electronic document in criminal proceedings and forensics:abstract of a thesis of Candidate of Juridical Sciences]. Voronezh.
Shobhit, S. (2018). UK Courts Start Pilot Blockchain Evidence System. Investopedia. Retrieved from: https://www.investopedia.com/news/uk-courts-start-pilot-blockchain-evidence-system/
Zheng, G. (2018). Blockchain and Futuristic Rule of Law. Oriental Law, 75, 83.
Vasyukov, V., Efremova, O., Balashova, A., Gasparyan, G. (2019). Action Plan for Using Digital Evidences when Investigating Drug Marketing via the Internet, Instant Messengers and Cryptomarkets. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 11(8), 2517-2524.
Kostenko, R.V., Tokarenko, E.S. (2018). Forensic Enquiry as a Method for Objective Evidence Verification. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 9(4), 1312-1316.
Kostenko, R.V., Rudin, A. (2018). Notion and Meaning of Evidence Verification in Criminal Procedure. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 9(3(33)), 1011-1017.
Bekishev, A.K., Umirzakova, Z., Ibraeva, A.S., Kutibaeva, E., Ibrayev N.S. (2019). Specifics of Receiving Evidence in the Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 10(3), 717-724.
Apergis, N., Kunitsyna, N., Dyudikova, E. (2020). The Role of Electronic Money in the Payment System: Evidence from Middle-Income Economies. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(1), 67 – 78.
Dudin, M.N., Shakhov, O.F., Ivashchenko, N.P., Shakhova, M.S. (2020). Development of entrepreneurial competencies in the economy (evidence from digital entrepreneurship). Revista Inclusiones, 7(Especial), 54-68.
Kuteynikov, D., Izhaev, O., Lebedev, V., Zenin, S. (2020). Legal regulation of autonomous technical means: main challenges and related approaches. Revista Inclusiones, 7(Especial), 346-356.
Kirillova, E., Blinkov, O., Zulfugarzade, T., Bocharov, A., Avdalyan, A. (2020). El estado legal de los tokens y su herencia. JURÍDICAS CUC, 16(1), 287–302
Daneeva, S.O. (2018). Perspektivy primeneniya blokchein v informatsionnom obshchestve [Prospects for the use of blockchain in the information society]. Myagkie izmereniya i vychisleniya, 10(11), 63.
Distributed Ledger Technology: beyond blockchain. (2016). A report by the UK Government Chief Scientific Adviser. Government Office for Science. Retrieved from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/492972/gs-16-1-distributed-ledger-technology.pdf
Ark, T.V. (2018). Imagining A Blockchain University. Forbes. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomvanderark/2018/06/13/woolf-building-the-first-blockchain-university/#6acaad4d5ae5
Bayón, P. (2019). Key Legal Issues Surrounding Smart Contract Applications. KLRI Journal of Law and Legislation, 1, 68.
Levashov, A.I. (2017). Ispolzovanie raspredelennykh baz dannykh v dokazyvanii po ugolovnym delam. V sbornike: Organizatsionnoe, protsessualnoe i kriminalisticheskoe obespechenie ugolovnogo protsessa [Use of distributed databases in evidence in criminal cases. In the collection: Organizational, procedural and forensic support of the criminal process]. Materials of the 6th International scientific conference of students and undergraduates.
Wu, H., Zheng, G. (2020). Electronic evidence in the blockchain era: New rules on authenticity and integrity. Computer Law and Security Review, 36.
Grigorev, V.N., Sukhodolov, A.P., Ovanesyan, S.S., Spasennikova, M.G., Tyunkov, V.V. (2019). Tsifrovye informatsionnye platformy kak predmet normativno-pravovovgo regulirovaniya v sfere ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva [Digital information platforms as a subject of legal regulation in the field of criminal proceedings]. Vserossiiskii kriminologicheskii zhurnal, 13(6), 873.
Golubtsov, V.G. (2019). Teoriya dokazatelstv i tsifrovizatsiya v grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve [Evidence theory and digitalization in Civil Procedure]. Permskii yuridicheskii almanac, 2, 379.
Spasennikov, B.A., Shvyrev, B.A., Smirnov, A.M. (2015). Aktualnye problemy ugolovnogo prava: obzor literatury [Actual problems of criminal law: literature review]. Aktualnye voprosy obrazovaniya i nauki, 3-4(49-50), 35.
Krasnova, L.B. (2013). Elektronnye nositeli informatsii kak veshchestvennye dokazatelstva [Electronic storage media as evidence]. Izvestiya TGU. Ekonomicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki, 2.
Tkachev, A.V. (2014). Voprosy ispolzovaniya elektronnykh nositelei kompyuternoi informatsii v ugolovnom protsesse v kachestve dokazatelstv inykh dokumentov [Issues of using electronic media of computer information in criminal proceedings as evidence of other documents]. Biznes v zakone, 63.
Pastukhov, P.S. (2015). Problemy zakonodatelnogo regulirovaniya ispolzovaniya elektronnoi informatsii v kachestve dokazatelstv po ugolovnomu delu [Problems of legislative regulation of the use of electronic information as evidence in a criminal case]. Chernye dyry v rossiiskom zakonodatelstve, 3, 128.
Chegodaeva, S.S. (2014). Sovershenstvovanie pravovogo obespecheniya primeneniya NTS pri raskrytii i rassledovanii prestuplenii [Improving the legal framework for the use of NTM in the detection and investigation of crimes]. Probely v rossiiskom zakonodatelstve, 2, 225.
Zakharenko, V.V. (2018). Problema predstavleniya elektronnogo dokumenta v kachestve dokazatelstva v grazhdanskom i arbitrazhnom protsessakh [The problem of submitting an electronic document as evidence in civil and arbitration proceedings]. Vestnik nauki i obrazovaniya, 2(7(43)), 56.
Federal Law No. 149-FL. (July 27, 2006). On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection. Retrieved from: https://rg.ru/2006/07/29/informacia-dok.html
Lunev, K.V., Meliksetyan, L.V., Mikhnevich, T.N. (2018). Spornye voprosy pri ispolzovanii elektronnogo dokazatelstva v arbitrazhnom protsesse [Controversial issues when using electronic evidence in the arbitration process]. Nauchnoe soobshchestvo studentov. Mezhdistsiplinarnye issledovaniya: Elektronnyi sbornik statei po materialam 46 studencheskoi mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii.
The Code of Arbitration Procedure of the Russian Federation N 95-FL. (July 24, 2002). Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation N 30.
Nakhova, E.A. (2018). Nekotorye problemy ispolzovaniya elektronnykh dokazatelstv v arbitrazhnom protsesse [Some problems of using electronic evidence in the arbitration process]. Theory and practice of modern legal science: Materials of the IV international scientific-practical conference.
Rudneva, Yu.V., Kraskina, E.Yu., Nikonova, Yu.A. (2020). Elektronnye dokazatelstva v arbitrazhnom protsesse [Electronic evidence in the arbitration process]. Modern Science, 5-2, 196.
Can Electronic Documents Be Used As Evidence International Law Essay approach to the expressive function of international criminal justice. https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/internationallaw.php
The Admissibility of Electronic Evidence in Court: Fighting Against High-tech Crime. (2006). Retrieved from: http://www.itu.int/osg/csd/cybersecurity/WSIS/3rd_meeting_docs/contributions/libro_aeec_en.pdf
Sukhodolov, A.P., Ivantsov, S.V., Borisov, S.V., Spasennikov, B.A. (2017). Aktualnye problemy preduprezhdeniya prestuplenii v sfere ekonomiki, sovershaemykh s ispolzovaniem informatsionno-telekommunikatsionnykh setei [Actual problems of the prevention of crimes in the economy committed by using information and telecommunication networks]. Vserossiiskii kriminologicheskii zhurnal, 11(1), 13.
Kerr, O.S. (2005). Digital Evidence and the New Criminal Procedure. Columbia Law Review, 105(1), 279–318.
Vinnik Superseding Indictment (2017). Northern District of California. Department of Justice.
Kukarnikova, T.E. (2003). Elektronnyi dokument v ugolovnom protsesse i kriminalistike: avtoref. Dis. … kand. Yurid. Nauk [Electronic document in criminal proceedings and forensics:abstract of a thesis of Candidate of Juridical Sciences]. Voronezh.
Shobhit, S. (2018). UK Courts Start Pilot Blockchain Evidence System. Investopedia. Retrieved from: https://www.investopedia.com/news/uk-courts-start-pilot-blockchain-evidence-system/
Zheng, G. (2018). Blockchain and Futuristic Rule of Law. Oriental Law, 75, 83.
Vasyukov, V., Efremova, O., Balashova, A., Gasparyan, G. (2019). Action Plan for Using Digital Evidences when Investigating Drug Marketing via the Internet, Instant Messengers and Cryptomarkets. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 11(8), 2517-2524.
Kostenko, R.V., Tokarenko, E.S. (2018). Forensic Enquiry as a Method for Objective Evidence Verification. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 9(4), 1312-1316.
Kostenko, R.V., Rudin, A. (2018). Notion and Meaning of Evidence Verification in Criminal Procedure. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 9(3(33)), 1011-1017.
Bekishev, A.K., Umirzakova, Z., Ibraeva, A.S., Kutibaeva, E., Ibrayev N.S. (2019). Specifics of Receiving Evidence in the Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 10(3), 717-724.
Apergis, N., Kunitsyna, N., Dyudikova, E. (2020). The Role of Electronic Money in the Payment System: Evidence from Middle-Income Economies. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(1), 67 – 78.
Dudin, M.N., Shakhov, O.F., Ivashchenko, N.P., Shakhova, M.S. (2020). Development of entrepreneurial competencies in the economy (evidence from digital entrepreneurship). Revista Inclusiones, 7(Especial), 54-68.
Kuteynikov, D., Izhaev, O., Lebedev, V., Zenin, S. (2020). Legal regulation of autonomous technical means: main challenges and related approaches. Revista Inclusiones, 7(Especial), 346-356.
Kirillova, E., Blinkov, O., Zulfugarzade, T., Bocharov, A., Avdalyan, A. (2020). El estado legal de los tokens y su herencia. JURÍDICAS CUC, 16(1), 287–302
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